Depression is complex of psychological & physical symptoms. Low mood level or sadness is much of of times the majority of the prominent symptom. common property of these symptoms is decreased activity level in parts about the brain. the SYMPTOMS of DEPRESSION Depression may give one or more of these symptoms: -Low mood level or sadness. -Lack about joy or interest in activities that were joyful before. -Pessimism. -Feel of guilt of something without any substantial reason to feel so. -Inferiority thoughts. -Irritability. -Slowness in thought process. -Slowness in interpreting sensorial stimuli. -Slowness of digestion or other internal physical processes, & symptoms caused by this slowness, for example inflated stomach, constipation or difficulties by urination. -Slow physical reactions. Depression canbe a mild disease that only causes some annoyance in the daily life, but can also get very serious and make person totally unable to work & unable to participate in social life. By depression of some severity, their is also greater risk of suicide. Depression can occur in all age classes. in teenager’s lack of interest in school work, withdrawal from social life & difficult mood canbe signs of depression. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES THAT PRODUCE SYMPTOMS By depression there is a decreased amount of neurotransmitters in parts of the central nervous system, mainly deficiency about serotonin, but also to some extend of noradrenalin, acetylcholine, dopamine or gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), or the nerve cells don’t react properly by stimulation from neurotransmitters. neurotransmitter is signal substance that transmits nerve signal through junctions between 2 nerve cells. Serotonin and noradrenalin cause nerve cells to send impulses along to other nerve cells, & thus increase the activity in brain. Deficiency of these substances causes slowness in parts about brain, & that again causes depressive symptoms. role about GABA is the opposite, namely to slow down some nerve impulses, mainly those causing anxiety and panic response. Lack of GABA causes higher anxiety and easier panic response. Yet, lack about this transmitter also seems to cause depressive symptoms. this is because a too high activity in some brain processes may slow down other processes. there are much of of causes & subtypes of depression with different physiological mechanisms involved. TYPES about DEPRESSION Depression is many times divided in to subtypes according to exhibited symptoms. 1. Mono-polar depression & dysthymic disorder By mono-polar depression there pure depressive symptoms. Mild cases of mono-polar disorder that don’t affect a person’s ability to work and to participate in social activities are much of times called dysthymic disorder. 2. Bipolar Disorder (manic-depressive disease) & cyclothymic disorder in it condition there are periods with symptoms about depression – the depressive phase, alternating with periods of elevated mood level with increased mental & physical activity – manic phase. in manic phase, the affected person also sleeps poorly & has concentration difficulties. mild form of this disease is called cyclothymic disorder. 3. Manic disorder this condition is characterized by abnormally elevated mood, by unrealistic optimism, by lack of sleep & by hyperactive behaviour. much about of psychiatrists think that this disorder is simply same disease as Bipolar Disorder where the depressive face has not yet occurred. 4. Depression with mainly physical symptoms Sometimes physical symptoms of depression alone or dominant, as for example: Digestive problems, constipation, difficulties with urination, slow response to sensorial stimuli or slow physical reactions. CAUSES of DEPRESSION 2 or more factors can have an effect simultaneously to cause depression. Depression canbe an independent disease, or chapter of other disease. Depression is also divided in to different subtypes according to cause. 1. Reactive depression this disease is simply a result from psychological stress, physical struggle or mental straining with out proper rest or sleep over long clock period. the straining will simply wear out nervous system or deplete organism from nutrient necessary for the nervous system to work properly. two. Endogenous depression When there has not been any period about stress, straining or lack of rest that can explain the condition, condition is often called endogenous depression. Inheritance is thought to be episode of cause. 3. Depression by physical disease Depression or depressive symptoms may be symptom of physical disease. this is perhaps the the majority of the common cause of depression. Diseases often associated with depression are: Heart disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, High Blood Pressure or Cushing’s syndrome. Mononucleosis or flu may trigger depression that continues after infection has gone. By lack of thyroid hormones, hypothyroidism, metabolism in the whole body is slowed down, including the production about neurotransmitters in brain. Therefore depression is an important symptom about hypothyroidism. 4. Depressive symptoms as consequence of unsound lifestyle general unsound lifestyle with too less exercise, too high consunsume of alcohol, coffee or tea, too less of important nutrient & too much of of sugar and fat may give depressive symptoms, as well as physical problems. 5. Postnatal depression wemen will often have a period of depression after pregnancy & birth of baby Pregnancy & berth is physically & mentally exhausting, & may drain the body for nutrient. this in turn can cause depressive symptoms. 6. Seasonal affective disorder Depression can occur in cold and dark periods of year & go away in warm and light periods. Light stimulates brain activity, & lack of light is causative factor. TREATMENT of DEPRESSION Serious or prolonged depression is often treated with anti-depressive pill. Medicines used against depression generally increase level about neurotransmitters like serotonin in central nervous system, or they mimic the neurotransmitters. pills mostly used today increase serotonin concentration by decreasing removal of serotonin from space around nerve cells. Examples of this pill type: Fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), escitalopram (Lexapro, Celexa), sentraline (zoloft). By Bipolar Disorder in manic face, heavy tranquilizers (neuroleptica) used to stop the manic symptoms. By Bi-Polar, lithium salts are sometimes used to stabilize condition, & prevent new outbreak about depressive or manic faces. Psychotherapy is sometimes used by depression, usually in combination with medication. Sometimes serious depression is treated by applying electric shock through the head, electroconvulsive therapy. the shock induces epileptic eruption of nerve signals through brain and this gives cramps throughout the body. cramps are alleviated or stopped by applying anaesthesia before electroshock. this form of treatment is controversial, since it can cause memory loss and is suspected of causing brain damage. possibility of brain damage is however denied by the majority of the psychiatrists. By seasonal depression, light therapy maybe useful. Adjustment of lifestyle should always be considered by depression or depressive symptoms. Lifestyle measures can sometimes be enough to cure depressive symptoms before serious depression develop. Lifestyle adjustments can be: – To slow down a stressful life with too much work or activities. – Enough rest & sleep. – super diet with enough about necessary nutrients. – some physical exercise. – Meditation. – Supplement of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, lecithin, amino acids & essential fatty acids. – Stimulants like coffee or tea may help against depressive feelings in moderate amount. However, if you a heavy user of these stimulants, you should cut down on your consumption. their exist nutritional goods in the marked to help against depressive symptoms. These contain ingredients that the brain uses as building blocks for neurotransmitters, for example amino acids and lecithin. They also often contain vitamins & minerals that the brain uses as tools to produce neurotransmitters, especially vitamin B6. Supplements may further contain herbal extracts that trigger higher brain activity much like anti-depressive pills, but may have fewer side effects.
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